Public Perceptions of Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power Provides an Imperfect Solution

Almost 40 years have passed since a U.S. electric utility last broke ground on a new nuclear power station. Despite this rather extended passage of time, the seemingly slow introduction of attractive alternative renewable energy technologies, a heightened interest in energy independence, and a greater appreciation for the need to reduce environmental emissions, a majority of Americans still oppose including nuclear power as part of a comprehensive portfolio to address our future energy needs. Therefore,  the electric power industry is somewhat of an impasse:

• The projected need for increased generating capacity will increase at a rate faster than the anticipated development and commercialization of alternative energy technologies, necessitating a choice of either fossil energy (and its associated carbon footprint) or nuclear energy.
• Neither option (i.e. fossil or nuclear) is viewed positively by the general public, with nuclear perhaps even less so. Given the added benefit of clean emissions, nuclear power needs to be recast with a more positive image.

Changing Public Perception

The rebirth of nuclear power can only be successful if the electric industry gains public acceptance for this energy source. This will require technological improvements and an aggressive public outreach effort that take into account the following:

• The technology and misconceptions around its supposed similarities to nuclear weapons appear to shape public perceptions, suggesting the need for well-targeted educational campaigns.
• Solutions to address nuclear waste, continued focus on safety, and stronger cost containment are key to any substantial increase in public support.
• Though true and an important benefit, public opinion will not be swayed significantly with arguments around the benefits of carbon-free nuclear power. The point needs to be made, but can not be the cornerstone of any pro-nuclear energy argument.

A Path to Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power

Success in gaining public support for nuclear power will depend on a significant decrease in total cost (construction and operations) and improved technologies to address the risks and uncertainties of proliferation, nuclear waste storage, and public safety. As these improvements are achieved, and the general public appears more receptive to understanding the role nuclear energy can play in the future. It will be incumbent on electric utilities to construct education and outreach programs that:

• Outline the need for more generating capacity (despite a concerted focus on energy efficiency and peak load reduction) and, given the time frame, the real choice between fossil or nuclear, and
• Dispel the irrational concerns and fears that were allowed to develop “unchecked” during the 1980s.

For more information on nuclear power as part of the solution click here.