The Value Case for Energy Efficiency

There is no questioning the notion that customer knowledge of how electricity is priced will lead to improved efficiency and conservation, and ultimately lower electricity bills. The continuing challenge to full customer acceptance of any initiative regarding energy efficiency is two-fold: Do the benefits outweigh the costs? Will investors support the programs? The Standard Approach State...

Smart Grid – Driving Forces and Benefits

Electric Transmission Infrastructure Electricity provides over 40 percent of the overall energy consumed in the U.S. and it has a well-established relationship to GDP growth. Consequently, the strength and resilience of the electric grid is a matter of critical importance to the overall economy. The current U.S. electric transmission and distribution grid is generally considered to be aging,...

Cyber Security – A Growing Priority for the Electric Grid

Cyber Security Requires a Change in Strategy Electric Grid With the electric industry trend toward implementing Smart Grid and AMI, the definition of electric grid security has broadened from guarding against weather-related outages to protecting against the possibility of cyber attacks. The challenge is even more pronounced as the nature of the threats is likely to evolve as the sophistication...

Network Planning for SmartGrid Communication

There are a number of factors that drive the plans and programs of a SmartGrid implementation; these include: Economic Pressures, Cyber Security, Overall System Reliability, Energy Efficiency, and Customer Participation However, one can argue that none of these factors is more important to overall success than the manner in which an electric utility incorporates communications into its Smart...

Broadband Communications and the Smart Grid

Smart Grid and the Need for an Improved Communications Infrastructure Electric Grid The U.S. electric grid consists of over 200,000 miles of high-voltage transmission lines and more than 6 million miles of distribution lines that serve over 100 million customers (283 million people). Electricity usage continues to grow and it now represents over 40 percent of overall energy consumption in the...

The ABCs of the Smart Grid

Smart Grid-Improved Reliability The U.S. electric power grid consists of more than 300,000 miles of transmission lines weaving there way across the country that despite its age performs remarkably well. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) assigns it a reliability rating in excess of 99.9 percent However, the relatively few outages that do occur each year in the U.S. cost the American economy an...

An Introduction to Capacitors

Electric Capacitor Like batteries, capacitors store electrical energy. However, unlike batteries they do not produce electrons. Capacitors consist of two terminals, each connected to a metal plate which is separated by a non-conducting substance referred to as a dielectric. The plate that is attached to the: Negative terminal of the battery that accepts the electrons that the battery is...

Integration of MDMS and OMS

Outage Management-An Evolving Process The electric industry has come a long way since the 1980s with respect to service restoration during unplanned system outages: The manual process of collecting and sorting trouble reports to the call center and manually discerning patterns from which to generate work orders has largely been replaced by sophisticated algorithms of computerized outage...

Maintenance Testing of Protective Relays

Protective Relay With the increased focus on testing practices for protective relaying systems brought about by the NERC Standard PRC-017-0 – Special Protection System (SPS) Maintenance and Testing, electric utilities are taking measures to ensure that their installed SPS is: Properly designed, Performing to applicable specifications, and Coordinated with the overall protection schemes. As a...

Distributed Electric Power Storage

Distributed Electric Power Storage The storage of electrical power has been an age-old challenge facing the electricity industry. A number of electric utilities are now in the process of placing equipment in residential areas that is capable of storing several hours of electricity supply. These localized or distributed technologies include lithium ion batteries and underground compressed air...